Ultrasound neuromodulation reveals distinct roles of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula in Pavlovian biases

Although the dACC and aIns are part of the same network and often co-activate during decision-making tasks, TUS interference reveals their distinct roles: the dACC selects feedback signals from the environment to inform subsequent choices while the aIns infers whether these signals were caused by one’s own actions.