Etiological Theories, Risk Factors and Recurrence Factors of Pilonidal Sinus

Pilonidal sinus is a chronic inflammatory condition that typically occurs in the sacrococcygeal region. Its etiology and pathogenesis involve both congenital and acquired factors. The congenital theories include viewpoints such as sacrococcygeal sacral canal cystic remnants, developmental deformity of the central suture, and glandular degeneration remnants. The acquired theory is mainly based on the penetration theory, supplemented and verified by Karyadaki’s formula PD = H × F × V2 (where H represents loose hair, F stands for inward attraction, and V denotes damaged skin).